Attenuation of body waves in Southeastern Sicily (Italy)     

E. Giampiccolo  S. GrestaG. Ganci 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》2003,135(4):267-279

The attenuation of P- and S-waves in Southeastern Sicily was estimated by applying two different methods in time and frequency domains. We analyzed waveforms from about 290 local events (0.6≤M_L≤4.6) recorded at a three-component digital network.By applying the pulse broadening method to the first P-wave pulse, we found an average Q_p value of ca. 140. The application of the frequency decay method provided a Q_p value of ca. 120, in the low-frequency band (3-9 Hz). Conversely, in the high frequency range (16-27 Hz) the average Q_p is significantly larger (ca. 640). The frequency decay method was also applied to S-waves spectra. In the low frequency range (2-5 Hz) the estimated average Q_s is ca. 190. As for Q_p, also Q_s, in the high frequency range (16-27 Hz), is larger (ca. 700). These results evidenced a frequency dependence of both the quality factors Q_p and Q_s, as commonly observed in tectonically active zones characterized by high degree of heterogeneity.  相似文献   

Microbial Degradation of Tar Oil Compounds under Different Redox Conditions     

Matthias Mundt  Katrin Althoff  Wolfgang Dott  Juliane Hollender 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2003,31(3):204-212

The microbial transformation of typical tar oil compounds such as acridine, benzo(b)thiophene, dibenzofuran, indane, and indene under different redox conditions was investigated in microcosm studies. Under aerobic conditions the inherent contamination in polluted soil as well as the added N‐, S‐, O‐ heterocyclic and homocyclic compounds were transformed predominantly apart from thiophene. 1‐Indanone was detected by RP‐HPLC‐DAD and GC‐MS as an intermediate metabolite from indane and indene. Under nitrate and sulfate reducing conditions indane, benzo(b)thiophene, and dibenzofuran were transformed in assays with the polluted soil samples from well B 65 and B 66 within 426 days, whereas they were persistent in assays with the highly polluted soil B 67. All heterocyclic and homocyclic compounds added to the non‐contaminated soil from well B 85 were not degraded under nitrate and sulfate reducing conditions, too. The results indicate that for the decision, wether natural attenuation can be implemented in the remediation of contaminated site, in addition to BTEX and PAHs especially the fate of further tar oil compounds in anoxic aquifers has to be considered.  相似文献   

Attenuation of shear-waves in the back-arc region of the Hellenic arc for frequencies from 0.6 to 16 Hz     

Antonis Polatidis  Anastasia Kiratzi  Panagiotis Hatzidimitriou  Basil Margaris 《Tectonophysics》2003,367(1-2):29-40

Q_β for shear-waves is determined for the inner part of the Hellenic arc, the back-arc area, as a function of frequency in the range 0.6–16 Hz. We used 314 digital records from 32 earthquakes with magnitudes (M_w) ranging from 3.9 to 5.1. Epicentral distances ranged from 65 to 515 km. The data were obtained in 1997 during a 6-month operation of a digital portable network in Greece. The Q_β estimates were made for five frequency bands centred at 0.8, 1.5, 3.0, 6.0 and 12.0 Hz and the Q_β values obtained were 47, 79, 143, 271 and 553, respectively. The results show that Q_β for S-waves increases with frequency taking the form Q_β=55f ^0.91 (or Q_β⁻¹0.018f^−0.91). The high attenuation and the strong frequency dependence found, which is close to the frequency dependence of coda Q for Greece, are characteristic of an area with high seismicity, rapid extension, and in agreement with other similar studies in Greece.  相似文献   

Inelastic spectra for displacement-based seismic design     

B. Borzi  G. M. Calvi  A. S. Elnashai  E. Faccioli  J. J. Bommer 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2001,21(1):103

In recognition of the emergence of displacement-based seismic design as a potentially more rational approach than force-based techniques, this paper addresses derivation of inelastic displacement spectra and associated topics. A well-constrained earthquake strong-motion dataset is used to derive inelastic displacement spectra, displacement reduction factors and ductility–damping relationships. These are in a format amenable for use in design and assessment of structures with a wide range of response characteristics.  相似文献   

Attenuation of compressional waves in peridotite measured as a function of temperature at 200 MPa   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Hiroki Sato  I. Selwyn Sacks  Tsutomu Murase  Gregory Muncill  Hiroyuki Fukuyama 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1988,128(1-2):433-447

A technique has been developed to determine attenuation in rocks at high temperature using a gas-media, high-pressure apparatus. A pulse transmission technique and a spectral ratio method are used to study compressional seismic properties of rocks. Seismic waves are transmitted to and from the sample through buffer rods of mullite. The effect of seismic wave reflections within the sample assembly are cancelled out by taking ratios of the spectra measured at different temperatures. In order to obtain good signal-to-noise ratio for resolving the attenuation at high pressure and temperature, special care is taken in the sample assembly and the ultrasonic coupling between the sample, buffer rods and transducers. A very tight connection of the sample-buffer rod-transducer is essential for obtaining high frequency signals (>300 kHz) at high temperature. A small mass is attached to each outside end of the transducer to drive low frequency signals (<250 kHz) into the sample. Before attenuation measurements, the sample and the buffer rods are tightly compacted in a platinum tube at high pressure and room temperature to ensure pressure seal of the sample assembly. The frequency range of measurement covers 50 to 450 kHz for the sample. Attenuation is very small in the buffer rod compared to the sample for the entire temperature range of the study. Because of the small attenuation, a wide frequency band of 50 kHz to 3.2 MHz can be covered for investigating the attenuation in the buffer rod. The technique has been used to measure attenuation at high confining pressure, and temperatures including sub- and hyper-solidus of upper mantle rocks. Therefore, effects of partial melting on attenuation can be studied.The method is applied to the attenuation measurement in a peridotite as a function of temperature to 1225°C at 200 MPa confining pressure. At high temperature, signal amplitude decays more rapidly at high frequency than at low frequency, from which attenuation (andQ) can be determined using a spectral ratio method. No frequency dependence ofQ is resolved for both the sample and the buffer rod over the entire temperature and frequency ranges of the measurement. The results show thatQ decreases rapidly with increasing temperature even in the temperature range below the solidus of peridotites. Such temperature sensitivity ofQ is probably more useful to probe thermal structure in the upper mantle than that of conductivity at temperatures below the solidus. The results in this study are compared with available seismic velocity, electrical conductivity and solidus data for peridotites, suggesting that there is no discontinuous change in both mechanical and electrical properties of peridotites at the solidus temperature. Even at hypersolidus temperatures, it appears that velocity drops and conductivity increases continuously (not abruptly) with increasing melt fraction. This implies that mechanical and electrical properties of the upper mantle will gradually change at the boundary where the geotherm crosses the solidus.  相似文献   

The light transmission and seiche depth of Izmir Bay,western Turkey     

Erdem Sayin  Sezgi Adalioglu  Canan Eronat 《Journal of Earth System Science》2007,116(1):57-71

Izmir Bay is one of the most polluted estuaries in the whole Mediterranean Sea. The inner part of the Bay (Inner Bay) is heavily affected by domestic and industrial discharge. As a result of these loads, strong eutrophication occurs in the Inner Bay, which is temporally anaerobic. The ecologically sensitive approach of the local authorities during the last decade has given rise to a wide variety of monitoring and research studies on this bay. On the other hand, the municipality of Izmir started to operate wastewater treatment facilities since January 2000. The Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology — Izmir (IMST) with its research vessel R/V K Piri Reis has been conducting an intensive monitoring program since 1988 and especially during the recent few years. These investigations provide an opportunity for the evaluation of the performance of the wastewater treatment plant in terms of the change in the optical properties of Izmir Bay water in a positive manner. The turbidity values measured in these monitoring studies indicate that the values have changed drastically after January 2000. Their spatial variation indicates that the values decrease from the Inner Bay towards the Aegean Sea. The turbidity (light transmission) values are measured with an automatic CTD (conductivity, temperature and depth) system during each cruise. The seiche disc depth measurement is carried out only occasionally. The accuracy of the seiche disc depth is dependent on certain daylight conditions and depends on the operator. The seiche disc depth (D _s) is an important parameter to estimate primary production of organic matter (hereafter called production). A relation between light transmission (turbidity) value and seiche disc depth (D _s) is found with very good agreement. The correlations are very high (approximately 0.94) with slight seasonal variation.  相似文献   

利用零偏移VSP资料估计介质品质因子方法研究   总被引：15，自引：3，他引：15       下载免费PDF全文

高静怀  杨森林 《地球物理学报》2007,50(4):1198-1209

利用峰值频率移动法估算零偏VSP资料的品质因子Q．该方法用Ricker子波和匹配地震子波分别逼近零相位和混合相位的震源子波，得到了峰值频率移动法估计Q值的公式．进而针对常规方法估计的地震子波峰值频率精度不高的问题，提出了估计地震子波峰值频率的特征结构法．通过合成零偏VSP资料的仿真试验，验证了峰值频率移动法估计Q值的正确性．仿真结果表明，与快速Fourier变换和Burg最大熵方法相比较，特征结构法得到的峰值频率和Q值精度高一些．仿真结果也表明，用峰值频率移动法估计Q值时需要选取恰当的子波参数,否则影响Q值估计的精度．  相似文献   

湖南省中南部地区地震区划研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李颖  胥广银  陈鲲  高孟潭 《中国地震》2007,23(1):17-24

选择湖南省中南部地区作为研究区域,以编制《中国地震动参数区划图》的基础资料和近年来在湖南省中南部所作的工程场地地震安全性评价资料为基础,根据近年来对中强地震衰减关系的研究结果,以及1970年以来现代仪器记录得到的地震资料确定的研究区域背景地震活动水平及其参数,对湖南省中南部地区进行了新的地震区划研究。结果表明,考虑了中强地震衰减关系,并重新考虑背景地震活动水平后,湖南中南部地区地震区划结果与现行区划图相比,地震动峰值加速度达0·05g的区域显著增加,其中包括邵阳、湘潭、吉首、怀化等重要城市。研究结果与近年来湖南中南部地区发生的中小地震的高震害特征比较吻合。本文的研究结果对于地震活动主要以6级以下中强地震活动为主的我国中东部地区的地震区划研究以及编制新一代地震动参数区划图都具有重要的参考意义。  相似文献   

地震安全性评价工程师资格考试大纲已审定通过   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

本刊讯 《震灾防御技术》2006,1(3):217-217

把美国西部地区作为参考区,采用我国地震动参数区划图工作时所使用的美国西部地区强震资料建立参考区水平向基岩短周期加速度反应谱衰减关系;采用美国南加州地区数字宽频带记录建立参考区水平向基岩长周期加速度反应谱衰减关系。与由丰富的等震线资料统计得出的我国东部地区和西部地区的地震烈度衰减关系一起,用转换方法分别得到了我国东部和西部地区水平向基岩加速度反应谱衰减关系。对该衰减关系在重大工程地震安全性评价工作中的应用提出了建议。  相似文献   

云南地区余震序列的能量衰减     

钱晓东  秦嘉政 《地震》2006,26(2):113-121

利川判断地震序列能蕈释放衰减是否异常的Ec—k量板，汁算了云南及附近地区39次巾强地震序列的能量衰减系数k值。结果显示：①当判别指标k〉1时，地震序列能量衰减处于正常状态；当k≤1时，判断地震序列能量衰减出现异常，其后发生更大地震或强余震的町能什较大。②对云南地区中强地震序列的榆验表明，有74％的地震序列符合上述判别指标。③用相同的地震进行了地震序列频度衰减系数^值的计算，发现符合h值判别指标的地震序列占统计际本的锄％。④对日常地震跟踪临视中遇到的二次典型地震序列详细分析，发现用k值力。法无论对中小地震序列还是巨震序列，预测效果均较好。  相似文献